Aaron Straight
Beckman Center, Room B409A
PhD in Biochemistry (University of California San Francisco)
We study the biology of chromosomes broadly defined. Our work focuses on understanding the genetic and epigenetic control of chromosome organization and function. We use a combination of cell biology, biochemistry, microscopy, computation, and functional genomics in our laboratory to address questions in chromosome biology. Specifically, we are interested in the assembly and function of the centromere and kinetochore, RNA dependent regulation of chromatin epigenetic states, the function of repetitive elements in genomes and the physical organization of chromosomes.
Current Lab Members
Preprints
1. Flores Servin JC, Straight, AF. Repression of CENP-A assembly in metaphase requires HJURP phosphorylation and inhibition by M18BP1. bioRxiv, 2021 bioRxiv 2021.10.28.466278. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.28.466278.
2. Altemose N, Logsdon GA, Bzikadze AV, Sidhwani P, Langley SA, Caldas GV, Hoyt SJ, Uralsky L, Ryabov FD, Shew CJ, Sauria, ME, Borchers M, Gershman A, Mikheenko A, Shepelev VA, Dvorkina T, Kunyavskaya O, Vollger MR, Rhie A, McCartney AM, Asri M, Lorig-Roach R, Shafin K, Aganezov S, Olson D, de Lima LG, Potapova T, Hartley GA, Haukness M, Kerpedjiev P, Gusev F, Tigyi K, Brooks S, Young A, Nurk S, Koren S., Salama SR, Paten B, Rogaev EI, Streets A, Karpen GH, Dernburg AF, Sullivan BA, Straight AF, Wheeler TJ, Gerton JL, Eichler EE, Phillippy AM, Timp W, Dennis MY, O’Neill RJ, Zook JM, Schatz MC, Pevzner PA, Diekhans M, Langley CH, Alexandrov IA, Miga KH. Complete genomic and epigenetic maps of human centromeres. bioRxiv, 2021 2021.07.12.452052. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.12.452052.
3. Hoyt SJ, Storer JM, Hartley GA, Grady PG, Gershman A, de Lima LG, Limouse C, Halabian R, Wojenski L, Rodriguez M, Altemose N, Core LJ, Gerton JL, Makalowski W, Olson D, Rosen J, Smit AF, Straight AF, Vollger MR, Wheeler TJ, Schatz MC, Eichler EE, Phillippy AM, Timp W, Miga KH, O’Neill RJ. From telomere to telomere: the transcriptional and epigenetic state of human repeat elements. bioRxiv, 2021 2021.07.12.451456. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.12.451456.
4. Altemose N*, Maslan A*, Smith OK*, Sundararajan K,* Brown RR, Detweiler AM, Neff N, Miga KH, Straight AF†, Streets A†. DiMeLo-seq: a long-read, single-molecule method for mapping protein-DNA interactions genome-wide. bioRxiv, 2021 2021.07.06.451383. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.06.451383. *Co-first Author, †Co-corresponding Author.
5. Zhou K, Gebala M, Woods D, Sundararajan K, Edwards G, Krzizike D, Wereszczynski J, Straight AF†, Luger K†. CENP-N promotes the compaction of centromeric chromatin. bioRxiv, 2021 2021.06.14.448351. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.14.448351. †Co-corresponding Author.
Publications
Summary
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/aaron.straight.1/bibliography/public/
Individual Publications
1. Jukam D, Kapoor RR, Straight AF, Skotheim JM. The DNA-to-cytoplasm ratio
broadly activates zygotic gene expression in Xenopus. Curr Biol. 2021 Oct
11;31(19):4269-4281.e8. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.035. Epub 2021 Aug 12. PMID: 34388374; PMCID: PMC8511243.
2. Smith OK, Limouse C, Fryer KA, Teran NA, Sundararajan K, Heald R, Straight
AF. Identification and characterization of centromeric sequences in Xenopus
laevis. Genome Res. 2021 Jun;31(6):958-967. https://www.doi.org/10.1101/gr.267781.120. Epub 2021 Apr 19. PMID: 33875480; PMCID: PMC8168581.
3. Limouse C, Jukam D, Smith OK, Fryer KA, Straight AF. Mapping Transcriptome-
Wide and Genome-Wide RNA-DNA Contacts with Chromatin-Associated RNA Sequencing (ChAR-seq). Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2161:115-142. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0680-3_10. PMID: 32681510; PMCID: PMC7607860.
4. Jukam D, Limouse C, Smith OK, Risca VI, Bell JC, Straight AF. Chromatin-
Associated RNA Sequencing (ChAR-seq). Curr Protoc Mol Biol. 2019 Apr;126(1):e87.
https://www.doi.org/10.1002/cpmb.87. Epub 2019 Feb 20. PMID: 30786161; PMCID: PMC7670654.
5. French BT, Straight AF. CDK phosphorylation of Xenopus laevis M18BP1
promotes its metaphase centromere localization. EMBO J. 2019 Feb
15;38(4):e100093. https://www.doi.org/10.15252/embj.2018100093. Epub 2019 Jan 2. PMID: 30606714; PMCID: PMC6376277.
6. Bell JC, Jukam D, Teran NA, Risca VI, Smith OK, Johnson WL, Skotheim JM,
Greenleaf WJ, Straight AF. Chromatin-associated RNA sequencing (ChAR-seq) maps
genome-wide RNA-to-DNA contacts. Elife. 2018 Apr 12;7:e27024. https://www.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.27024. PMID: 29648534; PMCID: PMC5962340.
7. Limouse C, Bell JC, Fuller CJ, Straight AF, Mabuchi H. Measurement of
Mesoscale Conformational Dynamics of Freely Diffusing Molecules with Tracking
FCS. Biophys J. 2018 Apr 10;114(7):1539-1550. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2018.01.044. PMID: 29642025; PMCID: PMC5954409.
8. Flores Servin JC, Straight AF. Centromere and Kinetochore Assembly in
Xenopus laevis Egg Extract. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2018 Sep 4;2018(9).
https://www.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot102509. PMID: 29475995.
9. Cao S, Zhou K, Zhang Z, Luger K, Straight AF. Constitutive centromere-
associated network contacts confer differential stability on CENP-A nucleosomes
in vitro and in the cell. Mol Biol Cell. 2018 Mar 15;29(6):751-762. https://www.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E17-10-0596. Epub 2018 Jan 17. PMID: 29343552; PMCID: PMC6003232.
10. French BT, Straight AF. The Power of Xenopus Egg Extract for Reconstitution
of Centromere and Kinetochore Function. Prog Mol Subcell Biol. 2017;56:59-84.
https://www.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_3. PMID: 28840233; PMCID: PMC5712478.
11. Johnson WL, Yewdell WT, Bell JC, McNulty SM, Duda Z, O’Neill RJ, Sullivan
BA, Straight AF. RNA-dependent stabilization of SUV39H1 at constitutive
heterochromatin. Elife. 2017 Aug 1;6:e25299. https://www.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25299. PMID: 28760200; PMCID: PMC5538822.
12. French BT, Westhorpe FG, Limouse C, Straight AF. Xenopus laevis M18BP1
Directly Binds Existing CENP-A Nucleosomes to Promote Centromeric Chromatin
Assembly. Dev Cell. 2017 Jul 24;42(2):190-199.e10. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2017.06.021. PMID: 28743005; PMCID: PMC5544353.
13. Foisner R, Straight AF. Editorial overview: The cell nucleus: New
discoveries on nuclear structure, dynamics and function. Curr Opin Cell Biol.
2017 Jun;46:iv-vi. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2017.06.003. PMID: 28693757.
14. Johnson WL, Straight AF. RNA-mediated regulation of heterochromatin. Curr
Opin Cell Biol. 2017 Jun;46:102-109. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2017.05.004. Epub 2017 Jun 11. PMID: 28614747; PMCID: PMC5729926.
15. Eser U, Chandler-Brown D, Ay F, Straight AF, Duan Z, Noble WS, Skotheim JM.
Form and function of topologically associating genomic domains in budding yeast.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Apr 11;114(15):E3061-E3070. https://www.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612256114. Epub 2017 Mar 27. Erratum in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Oct 10;114(41):E8801. PMID: 28348222; PMCID: PMC5393236.
16. Risca VI, Denny SK, Straight AF, Greenleaf WJ. Variable chromatin structure
revealed by in situ spatially correlated DNA cleavage mapping. Nature. 2017 Jan
12;541(7636):237-241. https://www.doi.org/10.1038/nature20781. Epub 2016 Dec 26. PMID:
28024297; PMCID: PMC5526328.
17. Westhorpe FG, Straight AF. Chromosome Segregation: Reconstituting the
Kinetochore. Curr Biol. 2016 Dec 5;26(23):R1242-R1245. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.051. PMID: 27923136.
18. Ladurner R, Straight AF. MIS12/MIND Control at the Kinetochore. Cell. 2016
Nov 3;167(4):889-891. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.036. PMID: 27814517.
19. Shang WH, Hori T, Westhorpe FG, Godek KM, Toyoda A, Misu S, Monma N, Ikeo K,
Carroll CW, Takami Y, Fujiyama A, Kimura H, Straight AF, Fukagawa T. Acetylation
of histone H4 lysine 5 and 12 is required for CENP-A deposition into
centromeres. Nat Commun. 2016 Nov 4;7:13465. https://www.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13465. PMID: 27811920; PMCID: PMC5097169.
20. Miell MD, Straight AF. In Vitro Kinetochore Assembly. Methods Mol Biol.
2016;1413:111-33. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3542-0_8. PMID: 27193846; PMCID: PMC4956618.
21. Bell JC, Straight AF. Condensing chromosome condensation. Nat Cell Biol.
2015 Aug;17(8):964-5. https://www.doi.org/10.1038/ncb3212. PMID: 26239527.
22. Westhorpe FG, Fuller CJ, Straight AF. A cell-free CENP-A assembly system
defines the chromatin requirements for centromere maintenance. J Cell Biol. 2015
Jun 22;209(6):789-801. https://www.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201503132. Epub 2015 Jun 15. PMID: 26076692; PMCID: PMC4477859.
23. Amodeo AA, Jukam D, Straight AF, Skotheim JM. Histone titration against the
genome sets the DNA-to-cytoplasm threshold for the Xenopus midblastula
transition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Mar 10;112(10):E1086-95. https://www.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1413990112. Epub 2015 Feb 23. PMID: 25713373; PMCID: PMC4364222.
24. Miell MD, Straight AF. Regulating the timing of CENP-A nucleosome assembly
by phosphorylation. Dev Cell. 2015 Jan 12;32(1):1-2. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2014.12.020. PMID: 25584791.
25. Westhorpe FG, Straight AF. The centromere: epigenetic control of chromosome
segregation during mitosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014 Nov
20;7(1):a015818. https://www.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a015818. PMID: 25414369; PMCID: PMC4292168.
26. Miell MD, Straight AF, Allshire RC. Reply to “CENP-A octamers do not confer
a reduction in nucleosome height by AFM”. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2014
Jan;21(1):5-8. https://www.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.2744. PMID: 24389543; PMCID: PMC4397583.
27. French BT, Straight AF. Swapping CENP-A at the centromere. Nat Cell Biol.
2013 Sep;15(9):1028-30. https://www.doi.org/10.1038/ncb2833. PMID: 23999616.
28. Johnson WL, Straight AF. Fluorescent protein applications in microscopy.
Methods Cell Biol. 2013;114:99-123. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407761-4.00005-1. PMID: 23931504.
29. Kato H, Jiang J, Zhou BR, Rozendaal M, Feng H, Ghirlando R, Xiao TS,
Straight AF, Bai Y. A conserved mechanism for centromeric nucleosome recognition
by centromere protein CENP-C. Science. 2013 May 31;340(6136):1110-3. https://www.doi.org/10.1126/science.1235532. PMID: 23723239; PMCID: PMC3763809.
30. Miell MD, Fuller CJ, Guse A, Barysz HM, Downes A, Owen-Hughes T, Rappsilber
J, Straight AF, Allshire RC. CENP-A confers a reduction in height on octameric
nucleosomes. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2013 Jun;20(6):763-5. https://www.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.2574. Epub 2013 May 5. PMID: 23644598; PMCID: PMC3676451.
31. Earnshaw WC, Allshire RC, Black BE, Bloom K, Brinkley BR, Brown W, Cheeseman
IM, Choo KH, Copenhaver GP, Deluca JG, Desai A, Diekmann S, Erhardt S,
Fitzgerald-Hayes M, Foltz D, Fukagawa T, Gassmann R, Gerlich DW, Glover DM,
Gorbsky GJ, Harrison SC, Heun P, Hirota T, Jansen LE, Karpen G, Kops GJ, Lampson
MA, Lens SM, Losada A, Luger K, Maiato H, Maddox PS, Margolis RL, Masumoto H,
McAinsh AD, Mellone BG, Meraldi P, Musacchio A, Oegema K, O’Neill RJ, Salmon ED,
Scott KC, Straight AF, Stukenberg PT, Sullivan BA, Sullivan KF, Sunkel CE,
Swedlow JR, Walczak CE, Warburton PE, Westermann S, Willard HF, Wordeman L,
Yanagida M, Yen TJ, Yoda K, Cleveland DW. Esperanto for histones: CENP-A, not
CenH3, is the centromeric histone H3 variant. Chromosome Res. 2013
Apr;21(2):101-6. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10577-013-9347-y. Epub 2013 Apr 12. PMID:
23580138; PMCID: PMC3627038.
32. Westhorpe FG, Straight AF. Functions of the centromere and kinetochore in
chromosome segregation. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2013 Jun;25(3):334-40. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2013.02.001. Epub 2013 Mar 13. PMID: 23490282; PMCID: PMC3687001.
33. Guse A, Fuller CJ, Straight AF. A cell-free system for functional centromere
and kinetochore assembly. Nat Protoc. 2012 Oct;7(10):1847-69. https://www.doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2012.112. Epub 2012 Sep 20. PMID: 23018190; PMCID: PMC4011387.
34. Fuller CJ, Straight AF. Imaging nanometre-scale structure in cells using in
situ aberration correction. J Microsc. 2012 Oct;248(1):90-101. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.2012.03654.x. Epub 2012 Aug 20. PMID: 22906048; PMCID: PMC3773235.
35. Westhorpe FG, Straight AF. The split personality of CENP-A nucleosomes.
Cell. 2012 Jul 20;150(2):245-7. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.07.003. PMID: 22817887; PMCID: PMC3724509.
36. Hellwig D, Emmerth S, Ulbricht T, Döring V, Hoischen C, Martin R, Samora CP,
McAinsh AD, Carroll CW, Straight AF, Meraldi P, Diekmann S. Dynamics of CENP-N
kinetochore binding during the cell cycle. J Cell Sci. 2011 Nov 15;124(Pt
22):3871-83. https://www.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.088625. Epub 2011 Nov 18. PMID: 22100916; PMCID: PMC3225271.
37. Moree B, Meyer CB, Fuller CJ, Straight AF. CENP-C recruits M18BP1 to
centromeres to promote CENP-A chromatin assembly. J Cell Biol. 2011 Sep
19;194(6):855-71. https://www.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201106079. Epub 2011 Sep 12. PMID: 21911481; PMCID: PMC3207292.
38. Guse A, Carroll CW, Moree B, Fuller CJ, Straight AF. In vitro centromere and
kinetochore assembly on defined chromatin templates. Nature. 2011 Aug
28;477(7364):354-8. https://www.doi.org/10.1038/nature10379. PMID: 21874020; PMCID: PMC3175311.
39. Koslover EF, Fuller CJ, Straight AF, Spakowitz AJ. Local geometry and
elasticity in compact chromatin structure. Biophys J. 2010 Dec
15;99(12):3941-50. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2010.10.024. PMID: 21156136; PMCID:
PMC3000514.
40. Carroll CW, Milks KJ, Straight AF. Dual recognition of CENP-A nucleosomes is
required for centromere assembly. J Cell Biol. 2010 Jun 28;189(7):1143-55. https://www.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201001013. Epub 2010 Jun 21. PMID: 20566683; PMCID: PMC2894454.
41. Sage J, Straight AF. RB’s original CIN? Genes Dev. 2010 Jul
1;24(13):1329-33. https://www.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1948010. Epub 2010 Jun 15. PMID: 20551167; PMCID: PMC2895191.
42. Fuller CJ, Straight AF. Image analysis benchmarking methods for high-content
screen design. J Microsc. 2010 May;238(2):145-61. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03337.x. PMID: 20529062.
43. Milks KJ, Moree B, Straight AF. Dissection of CENP-C-directed centromere and
kinetochore assembly. Mol Biol Cell. 2009 Oct;20(19):4246-55. https://www.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e09-05-0378. Epub 2009 Jul 29. PMID: 19641019; PMCID: PMC2754938.
44. Carroll CW, Silva MC, Godek KM, Jansen LE, Straight AF. Centromere assembly
requires the direct recognition of CENP-A nucleosomes by CENP-N. Nat Cell Biol.
2009 Jul;11(7):896-902. https://www.doi.org/10.1038/ncb1899. Epub 2009 Jun 21. PMID: 19543270; PMCID: PMC2704923.
45. Erhardt S, Mellone BG, Betts CM, Zhang W, Karpen GH, Straight AF. Genome-
wide analysis reveals a cell cycle-dependent mechanism controlling centromere
propagation. J Cell Biol. 2008 Dec 1;183(5):805-18. https://www.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200806038. PMID: 19047461; PMCID: PMC2592830.
46. Straight AF. Fluorescent protein applications in microscopy. Methods Cell
Biol. 2007;81:93-113. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/S0091-679X(06)81006-X. PMID: 17519164.
47. Brennan IM, Peters U, Kapoor TM, Straight AF. Polo-like kinase controls
vertebrate spindle elongation and cytokinesis. PLoS One. 2007 May 2;2(5):e409.
https://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000409. PMID: 17476331; PMCID: PMC1853238.
48. Carroll CW, Straight AF. Centromeric chromatin gets loaded. J Cell Biol.
2007 Mar 12;176(6):735-6. https://www.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200702020. Epub 2007 Mar 5. PMID: 17339381; PMCID: PMC2064045.
49. Carroll CW, Straight AF. Centromere formation: from epigenetics to self-
assembly. Trends Cell Biol. 2006 Feb;16(2):70-8. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2005.12.008. Epub 2006 Jan 18. PMID: 16412639.
50. Sakamoto T, Limouze J, Combs CA, Straight AF, Sellers JR. Blebbistatin, a
myosin II inhibitor, is photoinactivated by blue light. Biochemistry. 2005 Jan
18;44(2):584-8. https://www.doi.org/10.1021/bi0483357. PMID: 15641783.
51. Limouze J, Straight AF, Mitchison T, Sellers JR. Specificity of
blebbistatin, an inhibitor of myosin II. J Muscle Res Cell Motil.
2004;25(4-5):337-41. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10974-004-6060-7. PMID: 15548862.
52. Ramamurthy B, Yengo CM, Straight AF, Mitchison TJ, Sweeney HL. Kinetic
mechanism of blebbistatin inhibition of nonmuscle myosin IIb. Biochemistry. 2004
Nov 23;43(46):14832-9. https://www.doi.org/10.1021/bi0490284. PMID: 15544354.
53. Straight AF, Field CM, Mitchison TJ. Anillin binds nonmuscle myosin II and
regulates the contractile ring. Mol Biol Cell. 2005 Jan;16(1):193-201. https://www.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-08-0758. Epub 2004 Oct 20. PMID: 15496454; PMCID: PMC539163.
54. Canman JC, Cameron LA, Maddox PS, Straight A, Tirnauer JS, Mitchison TJ, Fang
G, Kapoor TM, Salmon ED. Determining the position of the cell division plane.
Nature. 2003 Aug 28;424(6952):1074-8. https://www.doi.org/10.1038/nature01860. Epub 2003 Aug 6.
PMID: 12904818.
55. Maddox P, Straight A, Coughlin P, Mitchison TJ, Salmon ED. Direct observation
of microtubule dynamics at kinetochores in Xenopus extract spindles:
implications for spindle mechanics. J Cell Biol. 2003 Aug 4;162(3):377-82. https://www.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200301088. PMID: 12900391; PMCID: PMC2172681.
56. Xu J, Wang F, Van Keymeulen A, Herzmark P, Straight A, Kelly K, Takuwa Y,
Sugimoto N, Mitchison T, Bourne HR. Divergent signals and cytoskeletal
assemblies regulate self-organizing polarity in neutrophils. Cell. 2003 Jul
25;114(2):201-14. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00555-5. PMID: 12887922.
57. Straight AF, Cheung A, Limouze J, Chen I, Westwood NJ, Sellers JR, Mitchison
TJ. Dissecting temporal and spatial control of cytokinesis with a myosin II
Inhibitor. Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1743-7. https://www.doi.org/10.1126/science.1081412. PMID: 12637748.
58. Kinoshita M, Field CM, Coughlin ML, Straight AF, Mitchison TJ. Self- and
actin-templated assembly of Mammalian septins. Dev Cell. 2002 Dec;3(6):791-802.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/s1534-5807(02)00366-0. PMID: 12479805.
59. Cheung A, Dantzig JA, Hollingworth S, Baylor SM, Goldman YE, Mitchison TJ,
Straight AF. A small-molecule inhibitor of skeletal muscle myosin II. Nat Cell
Biol. 2002 Jan;4(1):83-8. https://www.doi.org/10.1038/ncb734. PMID: 11744924.
60. Straight AF, Field CM. Microtubules, membranes and cytokinesis. Curr Biol.
2000 Oct 19;10(20):R760-70. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00746-6. PMID: 11069103.
61. Straight AF, Shou W, Dowd GJ, Turck CW, Deshaies RJ, Johnson AD, Moazed D.
Net1, a Sir2-associated nucleolar protein required for rDNA silencing and
nucleolar integrity. Cell. 1999 Apr 16;97(2):245-56. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80734-5. PMID: 10219245.
62. Straight AF, Sedat JW, Murray AW. Time-lapse microscopy reveals unique roles
for kinesins during anaphase in budding yeast. J Cell Biol. 1998 Nov
2;143(3):687-94. https://www.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.143.3.687. PMID: 9813090; PMCID: PMC2148141.
63. Nabeshima K, Nakagawa T, Straight AF, Murray A, Chikashige Y, Yamashita YM,
Hiraoka Y, Yanagida M. Dynamics of centromeres during metaphase-anaphase
transition in fission yeast: Dis1 is implicated in force balance in metaphase
bipolar spindle. Mol Biol Cell. 1998 Nov;9(11):3211-25. https://www.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.9.11.3211. PMID: 9802907; PMCID: PMC25611.
64. Belmont AS, Straight AF. In vivo visualization of chromosomes using lac
operator-repressor binding. Trends Cell Biol. 1998 Mar;8(3):121-4. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/s0962-8924(97)01211-7. PMID: 9695822.
65. Straight AF. Cell cycle: checkpoint proteins and kinetochores. Curr Biol.
1997 Oct 1;7(10):R613-6. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00315-0. PMID: 9368739.
66. Marshall WF, Straight A, Marko JF, Swedlow J, Dernburg A, Belmont A, Murray
AW, Agard DA, Sedat JW. Interphase chromosomes undergo constrained diffusional
motion in living cells. Curr Biol. 1997 Dec 1;7(12):930-9. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00412-x. PMID: 9382846.
67. Straight AF, Marshall WF, Sedat JW, Murray AW. Mitosis in living budding
yeast: anaphase A but no metaphase plate. Science. 1997 Jul 25;277(5325):574-8.
https://www.doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5325.574. PMID: 9228009.
68. Webb CD, Teleman A, Gordon S, Straight A, Belmont A, Lin DC, Grossman AD,
Wright A, Losick R. Bipolar localization of the replication origin regions of
chromosomes in vegetative and sporulating cells of B. subtilis. Cell. 1997 Mar
7;88(5):667-74. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81909-1. PMID: 9054506.
69. Straight AF, Murray AW. The spindle assembly checkpoint in budding yeast.
Methods Enzymol. 1997;283:425-40. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(97)83035-2.
PMID: 9251039.
70. Straight AF, Belmont AS, Robinett CC, Murray AW. GFP tagging of budding
yeast chromosomes reveals that protein-protein interactions can mediate sister
chromatid cohesion. Curr Biol. 1996 Dec 1;6(12):1599-608. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)70783-5. PMID: 8994824.
71. Minshull J, Straight A, Rudner AD, Dernburg AF, Belmont A, Murray AW. Protein
phosphatase 2A regulates MPF activity and sister chromatid cohesion in budding
yeast. Curr Biol. 1996 Dec 1;6(12):1609-20. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(02)70784-7.
PMID: 8994825.
72. Robinett CC, Straight A, Li G, Willhelm C, Sudlow G, Murray A, Belmont AS. In
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